Scientific and technological developments in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have fundamentally transformed the global landscape. Among the most remarkable achievements of this era is quantum mechanics, which, through concepts such as superposition, entanglement, and the uncertainty principle, has laid the foundation for modern technologies. Quantum technologies in the defense sector—particularly in air power—enable complex simulations, system optimization, enhanced reconnaissance and navigation, as well as secure communications.

This applied research has been conducted with the aim of policy-making and formulating national strategies for the utilization of quantum technologies in Iran’s air defense. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, combining policy analysis, futures studies, and qualitative analysis. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis, the Delphi method, SWOT analysis, cross-impact matrix, and scenario planning.

Findings indicate that Iran possesses considerable scientific and research capacities, including distinguished scholars, the ability to localize technologies, and a solid research background in universities and defense centers. The study emphasizes that success in leveraging quantum technologies requires targeted policy-making, sustainable investment, strengthened university–industry–defense collaboration, and effective risk and security management. The proposed framework can support flexible and resilient decision-making in quantum-based air defense and contribute to enhancing defense capabilities while reducing national vulnerabilities.